Showing posts with label Irreplaceable Natural Material Resources. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Irreplaceable Natural Material Resources. Show all posts

Friday, November 17, 2023

The Empire Strikes Back!

thecradle  |  The catastrophic debacle of Project Ukraine and the revival of an intractable West Asian war are deeply intertwined. 

Beyond the fog of Washington's “worry” about Tel Aviv’s genocidal rampage, the crucial fact is that we are right in the thick of a war against BRICS 11.      

The Empire does not do strategy; at best, it does tactical business plans on the fly. There are two immediate tactics in play: a US Armada deployed in the Eastern Mediterranean – in a failed effort to intimidate Resistance Axis behemoths Iran and Hezbollah - and a possible Milei election in Argentina tied to his avowed promise to break Brazil-Argentina relations. 

So this is a simultaneous attack on BRICS 11 on two fronts: West Asia and South America. There will be no American efforts spared to prevent BRICS 11 from getting close to OPEC+. A key aim is to instill fear in Riyadh and Abu Dhabi – as confirmed by Persian Gulf business sources.  

Even vassal leaders at the OIC show would have been aware that we are now deep into The Empire Strikes Back. That also largely explains their cowardice. 

They know that for the Hegemon, multipolarity equals “chaos,” unipolarity equals “order,” and malign actors equal   “autocrats” - such as the new Russian-Chinese-Iranian “Axis of Evil” and anyone, especially vassals, that opposes the “rules-based international order.” 

And that brings us to a tale of two ceasefires. Tens of millions across the Global Majority are asking why the Hegemon is desperate for a ceasefire in Ukraine while flatly refusing a ceasefire in Palestine. 


Freezing Project Ukraine preserves the Ghost of Hegemony just a little bit longer. Let's assume Moscow would take the bait (it won’t). But to freeze Ukraine in Europe, the Hegemon will need an Israeli win in Gaza - perhaps at any and all costs - to maintain even a vestige of its former glory. 

But can Israel achieve victory any more than Ukraine can? Tel Aviv may have already lost the war on 7 October as it can never regain its facade of invincibility. And if this transforms into a regional war that Israel loses, the US will lose its Arab vassals overnight, who today have a Chinese and Russian option waiting in the wings. 

The Roar of the Street is getting louder - demanding that the Biden administration, now seen as complicit with Tel Aviv, halt the Israeli genocide that may lead to a World War. But Washington will not comply. Wars in Europe and West Asia may be its last chance (it will lose) to subvert the emergence of a prosperous, connected, peaceful Eurasia Century.

The catastrophic debacle of Project Ukraine and the revival of an intractable West Asian war are deeply intertwined. 

Beyond the fog of Washington's “worry” about Tel Aviv’s genocidal rampage, the crucial fact is that we are right in the thick of a war against BRICS 11.      

The Empire does not do strategy; at best, it does tactical business plans on the fly. There are two immediate tactics in play: a US Armada deployed in the Eastern Mediterranean – in a failed effort to intimidate Resistance Axis behemoths Iran and Hezbollah - and a possible Milei election in Argentina tied to his avowed promise to break Brazil-Argentina relations. 

So this is a simultaneous attack on BRICS 11 on two fronts: West Asia and South America. There will be no American efforts spared to prevent BRICS 11 from getting close to OPEC+. A key aim is to instill fear in Riyadh and Abu Dhabi – as confirmed by Persian Gulf business sources.  

Even vassal leaders at the OIC show would have been aware that we are now deep into The Empire Strikes Back. That also largely explains their cowardice. 

They know that for the Hegemon, multipolarity equals “chaos,” unipolarity equals “order,” and malign actors equal   “autocrats” - such as the new Russian-Chinese-Iranian “Axis of Evil” and anyone, especially vassals, that opposes the “rules-based international order.” 

And that brings us to a tale of two ceasefires. Tens of millions across the Global Majority are asking why the Hegemon is desperate for a ceasefire in Ukraine while flatly refusing a ceasefire in Palestine. 

Freezing Project Ukraine preserves the Ghost of Hegemony just a little bit longer. Let's assume Moscow would take the bait (it won’t). But to freeze Ukraine in Europe, the Hegemon will need an Israeli win in Gaza - perhaps at any and all costs - to maintain even a vestige of its former glory. 

But can Israel achieve victory any more than Ukraine can? Tel Aviv may have already lost the war on 7 October as it can never regain its facade of invincibility. And if this transforms into a regional war that Israel loses, the US will lose its Arab vassals overnight, who today have a Chinese and Russian option waiting in the wings. 

The Roar of the Street is getting louder - demanding that the Biden administration, now seen as complicit with Tel Aviv, halt the Israeli genocide that may lead to a World War. But Washington will not comply. Wars in Europe and West Asia may be its last chance (it will lose) to subvert the emergence of a prosperous, connected, peaceful Eurasia Century.

Sunday, August 20, 2023

America's 330 Million Burns As Much Oil As China And India's 2.8 Billion

statista  |  Even with the share of renewables in electricity production rising continuously over the past years, oil remains the world's most important energy source when factoring in transport and heating. 29 percent of the world's energy supply in 2020 came from oil, according to an analysis by the International Energy Agency (IEA). As our chart based on the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2023 shows, two countries were particularly heavy oil consumers in 2022.

The United States consumed 19 million barrels of oil per day, followed by its fiercest economic and political competitor, the People's Republic of China, with 14 million barrels per day this past year. The usage of other countries pales compared to the two superpowers: The rest of the top 8 consumers combined only amounted to two thirds of the amount used by the U.S. and China.

When looking at the change in oil consumption between 2012 and 2022, the picture changes significantly. U.S. oil usage only increased by about nine percent, with China and India emerging as growth leaders with 42 and 41 percent consumption growth, respectively. All in all, four out of the five BRICS countries are featured in the top 8 oil-consuming countries, and three out of four have shown a considerable increase in appetite for fossil fuel over the past decade.

Monday, July 10, 2023

the vast active living intelligence system revisited (redux 4/24/13)


realitysandwich |  For most people, Philip K. Dick (hereafter known as PKD) is best known through films like Blade Runner, Total Recall, Minority Report, and A Scanner Darkly, which were all based on his writings. Classic movies like The Matrix and Vanilla Sky also owe a great debt to PKD's work. What is not so well known is that PKD was a bit of a latter-day mystic, a man who spent the last decade or so of his life struggling to come to terms with a series of visionary experiences (not related to psychedelics) that befell him in the early 1970s. In these experiences, PKD felt as if some vast cosmic intelligence was communicating with him, as if a deity was slipping him secret information. Such was the impact of these theophanies that he chose to incorporate their thematic content into a number of novels as well as an eight-thousand-page exegesis. To the consternation of his peers, PKD began to be not a little obsessed with ideas of "divine invasion" and the like, his last books testifying to his escalating interest in theology and theistic philosophy (interestingly, his last novel, The Transmigration of Timothy Archer, partly concerns the search for a sacred mushroom).

Since his death it has been speculated that PKD suffered from what is known as temporal lobe epilepsy -- a brain disorder that can lead to hallucinatory experiences -- and that this explains his mystical encounters. However, leaving aside the contentiousness of this claim, it does not deal with the burning issue of immediate mystical experience. To label an experience in order to explain it away is to avoid the very real nature of the mystical experience, however it should arise. In fact, as Huxley noted in The Doors of Perception, we should not be surprised if there is always unusual neuronal activity concurrent with a mystical experience, for, as we have seen, modified neuronal firing patterns are related to expanded forms of consciousness. Altered forms of awareness demand altered brain processes, and such a change in brain state can be achieved in many different ways, whether through psilocybin mushrooms, endogenous DMT, yoga, meditation, fasting, or spontaneous epileptic disturbances. Mystical experience is therefore not to be conveniently disposed of with a diagnostic label.

Even before his visionary experiences, PKD had long fought to discover the true nature of reality. It was his pet fascination. In a talk he delivered in the late 1970s, he admitted that for all the years he had thought about the question "what is reality?" he had gotten no further than concluding that reality was that which remained even if you stopped believing in it. Admittedly a thin definition, it is nonetheless indicative that the true nature of reality is not so easily pinned down.

PKD juggled with countless explanations for his mystical experiences. Some involved a Judeo-Christian God, others involved the Logos outlined in some of the Gnostic gospels (these are the "alternative" gospels dug up at Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in 1945), while others even opted for an advanced extraterrestrial intelligence. Whatever the case, PKD was certain that he had been "contacted" by some form of advanced transcendental intelligence-cum-Other.

One of his more enduring theories concerned VALIS, which is an acronym for "vast active living intelligence system," a notion that accords well with our intelligent Other. In the semiautobiographical novel of the same name, VALIS is a hidden entity of immense power and sentience that is in the process of infiltrating our reality by establishing communication with certain individuals. These disclosures are experienced as theophany. For our purposes, the key point is that VALIS is essentially outside of our dimension, but able to penetrate our world. The question arises as to the feasibility that a superior intelligence exists in another dimension with the capacity to move across into ours. This is one of our fanciful options concerning the Other.

Thursday, October 13, 2022

Successful G7 Oil Price Caps = OPEC Rival Consumption-Based Price Setting Cartel

indianpunchline |  The Biden Administration tempted Fate by underestimating the importance of oil in modern economic and political terms and ignoring that oil will remain the dominant energy source across the world for the foreseeable future, powering everything from cars and domestic heating to huge industry titans and manufacturing plants. 

A smooth transition to green energy over time is largely dependent on the continued availability of plentiful, cheap fossil fuel. But the Biden Administration ignored that those who have oil reserves wield a huge amount of power over our oil-centred energy systems, and those who buy oil are on the contrary, cripplingly dependent on the market and the diplomatic relations which drive it. 

The Western powers are far too naive to think that an energy superpower like Russia can be simply “erased” from the ecosystem. In an “energy war” with Russia, they are doomed to end up as losers.  

Historically, Western nations understood the imperative to maintain good diplomatic relations with oil-producing countries. But Biden threw caution into the wind by insulting Saudi Arabia calling it a “Pariah” state. Any improvement in the US-Saudi relations is not to be expected under Biden’s watch. The Saudis distrust American intentions. 

The congruence of interests on the part of the OPEC to keep the prices high is essentially because they need the extra income for their expenditure budget and to maintain a healthy investment level in the oil industry. The International Monetary Fund in April projected Saudi Arabia’s breakeven oil price — the oil price at which it would balance its budget — at $79.20 a barrel. 

The Saudi government does not disclose its assumed breakeven oil price. But a Reuters report suggested that a preferred price level would be around $90 to $100 a barrel for Brent crude — at which level, it won’t have a huge impact on the global economy. Of course, over $100 will be a windfall. 

Meanwhile, a “systemic” crisis is brewing. It is only natural that the OPEC views with scepticism the recent moves by the US and the EU to push back Russia’s oil exports. The West rationalises these moves as aimed at drastically reducing Russia’s income from oil exports (which translates as its resilience to fight the war in Ukraine.) The latest G7 move to put a cap on the prices at which Russia can sell its oil is taking matters to an extreme. 

The OPEC regards it as a paradigm shift, as it implicitly challenges the cartel’s assumed prerogative to ensure that global oil supply matches demand, where one of the key measures of supply-demand balance is price. Arguably, the West is de facto setting up a rival cartel of oil-consuming countries to regulate the oil market. 

No doubt, the West’s move is precedent-setting — namely, to prescribe for geopolitical reasons the price at which an oil-producing country is entitled to export its oil. If it is Russia today, it can as well be Saudi Arabia or Iraq tomorrow. The G7 decision, if it gets implemented, will erode OPEC’s key role regulating the global oil market.

Friday, October 07, 2022

Not For Love Of Russia - Saudi Arabia Needs Oil At Above $80/bl To Fund Its Own Budget

Rep. Ro Khanna and Sen. Chris Murphy each demonstrate how painfully stupid and ignorant democrat congress critters are on the topic of energy, energy markets, and foreign policy. With morons like this running their mouths in public, you don't even need self-interested enemies. 

Rule of Thumb for (short and medium term) demand/supply elascity of oil; 1:20 

A 1% change in supply results in a 20% change in price. 

$100 million oil demand is close enough to estimate the impact of both the OPEC supply cuts as well as maybe a 1 million (?) reduction in RF exports to NATOland.

3% reduction in supply equals….a whopping huge increase in price. 

(note long term oil price elasticity is close to 1:1, but long term is generally out 3 years )

thehill |  Congressional Democrats and the Biden administration took aim at the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its lead producer, Saudi Arabia, following the announcement that the OPEC+ bloc will cut oil production by 2 million barrels a day. 

The announcement comes months after President Biden visited Saudi Arabia to appeal to the kingdom’s leaders to increase production in hopes of reducing domestic gas prices and depriving Russia of energy revenues.

The cuts could mean an increase in gas prices ahead of election day and throw a lifeline to the Kremlin after weeks of gains by Ukrainian forces against the Russian invasion. 

“It’s clear that OPEC+ is aligning with Russia with today’s announcement,” White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre told reporters hours after the announcement.

Pierre was noncommittal on whether the announcement would affect broader Washington-Riyadh relations, saying, “I can speak to this decision: it’s a mistake.” 

Democrats in Congress were blunter, specifically questioning the purpose of overlooking Saudi Arabia’s human rights records and selling the nation weapons at no benefit to the U.S.  

“I thought the whole point of selling arms to the Gulf States despite their human rights abuses, nonsensical Yemen War, working against US interests in Libya, Sudan etc, was that when an international crisis came, the Gulf could choose America over Russia/China,” Sen. Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), who sits on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, tweeted Wednesday morning. 

Murphy further excoriated the decision in an interview with CNBC Wednesday from the Warsaw Security Forum in Poland, calling for a “full-scale re-evaluation” of the U.S.-Saudi alliance.  

“What’s the point of looking the other way as the Saudis chop up journalists [and] repress political speech inside Saudi Arabia if, when the chips are down, the Saudis essentially choose the Russians instead of the United States?” Murphy said, referencing the 2018 assassination of Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi.

“We’ve been very clear with them; we need them right now … and it seems like either the Saudis aren’t willing to stand with us or have to be pushed very hard to stand with us,” Murphy said. 

The Connecticut senator struck a pessimistic note on Biden’s July visit, saying it “does not seem to have gotten us what we need,” also referencing the collapse of the truce in Yemen’s civil war. “I think you have to be very careful doing business with the Saudis these days.”

At Current Burn Rates The U.S. Guesstimates It Has Between A 10-14 Year Total Supply

 
wikipedia |  Proven oil reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated, with a high degree of confidence, to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.

Some statistics on this page are disputed and controversial. Different sources (OPEC, CIA World Factbook, oil companies) give different figures. Some of the differences reflect different types of oil included. Different estimates may or may not include oil shale, mined oil sands or natural gas liquids.

Because proven reserves include oil recoverable under current economic conditions, nations may see large increases in proven reserves when known, but previously uneconomic deposits become economic to develop. In this way, Canada's proven reserves increased suddenly in 2003 when the oil sands of Alberta were seen to be economically viable. Similarly, Venezuela's proven reserves jumped in the late 2000s when the heavy oil of the Orinoco Belt was judged economic. 

Reserves amounts are listed in millions of barrels. The column "Years of production in reserve" uses the daily production figures as of 2016[5] (multiplied by 365).


* indicates "Oil reserves in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" or "Energy in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.

Proven reserves (millions of barrels)
Country US EIA
[6]
OPEC
[7]
BP
[8]
Others Oil production
2020 (bbl/day)[9]
Years of
production
in reserve
 Venezuela *(OPEC) 303,806 302,809 300,900
527,063 1,578
 Saudi Arabia *(OPEC) 258,600 266,260 266,000
9,264,921 76
 Iran *(OPEC) 208,600 [10] 208,600 155,600
2,665,809 214
 Canada * 170,300 4,421 172,200 [11] 171,000 4,201,101 111
 Iraq *(OPEC) 145,019 147,223 143,100
4,102,311 97
 Kuwait *(OPEC) 101,500 104,000 104,000
2,625,145 106
 United Arab Emirates *(OPEC) 97,800 98,630 98,630
3,138,249 85
 Russia * 80,000 80,000 102,400
9,865,495 22
 Libya *(OPEC) 48,363 74,363 78,400
408,074 324
 United States * 47,107 32,773 55,000 [12] 43,629 11,307,560 11
 Nigeria *(OPEC) 36,890 37,453 37,100
1,775,940 57
 Kazakhstan * 30,000 30,000 30,000
1,756,705 47
 China * 26,022 25,627 18,500
3,888,989 18
 Qatar * 25,244 25,244 25,244
1,530,000 45
 Brazil * 12,714 12,634 13,000 [12] 16,848 2,939,950 12
 Algeria *(OPEC) 12,200 12,200 12,200
1,122,432 30
 Guyana *


10,000[13] 83,174 329
 Ecuador 8,273 8,273 8,000
479,371 47
 Norway * 8,122 6,376 8,000
1,712,937 13
 Angola *(OPEC) 7,783 8,384 12,700
1,249,678 17
 Azerbaijan * 7,000 7,000 7,000
693,880 28
 Mexico * 5,786 6,537 10,800 [14] 9.700 1,710,303 9
 Oman * 5,373 5,373 5,300
948,967 16
 Sudan * 5,000 5,000 1,500
64,740 211
 India * 4,604 4,495 5,680 [12] 4,409 627,415 20
 Vietnam * 4,400 4,400 4,000
193,264 62
 Malaysia * 3,600 3,600 3,600 [12] 5,542 541,017 18
 Egypt * 3,300 4,400 3,500
586,735 15
 Yemen * 3,000
3,000
66,000 124
 Congo(OPEC) 2,882
1,600
282,541 28
 United Kingdom * 2,500 2,069 2,800 2,618 947,208 7
 Syria * 2,500 2,500 2,500
35,000 196
 Uganda * 2,500




 Argentina * 2,482 2,162 2,400 2,330 440,335 15
 Indonesia * 2,480 3,310 3,600 [12] 3,497 712,112 10
 Australia * 2,446 3,985 4,000 4,002 351,180 19
 Colombia * 2,036 1,665 2,300
791,844 7
 Gabon *(OPEC) 2,000 2,000 2,000
173,634 56
 Chad * 1,500
1,500
115,817 35
 Brunei * 1,100 1,100 1,100
98,642 31
 Equatorial Guinea *(OPEC) 1,100
1,100
147,563 20
 Peru * 858
1,400 [12] 1,489 40,386 58
 Ghana * 660


199,478 9
 Romania * 600
600
67,574 24
 Turkmenistan * 600 600 600
184,579 9
 Uzbekistan * 594 594 600
37,997 43
 Pakistan * 540

[12] 236 79,112 19
 Italy * 497
600 [12] 595 100,514 14
 Denmark * 441 439 600 [12] 550 71,339 17
 Tunisia * 425
400
30,738 38
 Ukraine * 395 395

33,577 32
 Turkey * 366

[12] 284 61,757 16
 Thailand * 252
400
202,117 3
 Trinidad and Tobago * 242
700 [12] 830 56,556 12
 Bolivia * 240

[12] 210 60,161 11
 Cameroon * 200


66,749 8
 Belarus * 198 198

34,249 16
 Bahrain * 186


43,000 12
 DR Congo 180


23,000 21
 Papua New Guinea * 159

[12] 158 40,249 11
 Albania * 150


14,331 29
 Chile * 150


1,582 260
 Niger * 150


9,497 43
 Spain * 150


628 654
 Myanmar * 139


8,833 43
 Philippines 138


12,249 31
 Netherlands 137

[12] 141 14,579 26
 Cuba * 124

[12] 124 41,079 8
 Germany * 115

[12] 229 37,508 8
 Poland * 113

[12] 151 18,765 16
 Ivory Coast * 100


36,746 7
 Suriname 89


14,915 16
 Guatemala 86


7,749 30
 Serbia * 77


15,249 14
 Croatia * 71


11,749 17
 France * 61


12,910 13
 Japan * 44


4,333 28
 New Zealand * 40


18,579 6
 Kyrgyzstan * 40


1,000 110
 Austria * 35


10,822 9
 Georgia * 35


400 240
 Bangladesh * 28


3,000 26
 Mauritania * 20




 Bulgaria * 15


1,000 41
 Czech Republic * 15 15.0

2,000 21
 South Africa * 15 15

1,000 41
 Israel * 12

[12] 12 300 110
 Hungary * 12

[12] 35 16,418 2
 Lithuania * 12


2,000 16
 Tajikistan * 12


180 183
 Greece * 10


1,831 15
 Slovakia * 9


200 123
 Benin * 8




 Belize * 6


1,700 10
 Taiwan * 2


196 28
 Barbados 1


1,000 3
 Jordan * 1

[12] 1

 Morocco * 0.6


160 10
 Ethiopia * 0.4




 Kenya * 0
750


 South Sudan



162,475
 Mongolia *



17,582
 East Timor *



14,000
 Portugal *



12,932
 World 1,661,905 1,535,773 1,750,600
76,137,732 60

 wikipedia |  This list is based on CIA The World Factbook (when no citation is given).[1] or other authoritative third-party sources (as cited). Based on data from EIA, at the start of 2021, proved gas reserves were dominated by three countries: Iran, Russia, and Qatar.

There is some disagreement on which country has the largest proven gas reserves. Sources that consider that Russia has by far the largest proven reserves include the US CIA (47600 cubic kilometers),[2] the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) (49000 km³),[3] and OPEC (48810 km3).[4] However, BP credits Russia with only 32900 km3,[5] which would place it in second place, slightly behind Iran (33100 to 33800 km3, depending on the source).

Due to constant announcements of shale gas recoverable reserves, as well as drilling in Central Asia, South America and Africa, deepwater drilling, estimates are undergoing frequent updates, mostly increasing. Since 2000, some countries, notably the US and Canada, have seen large increases in proved gas reserves due to development of shale gas, but shale gas deposits in most countries are yet to be added to reserve calculations. 

Proven Reserves (km³)
Country U.S. EIA
(start of 2021)[6]
OPEC
(start of 2018)[7]
BP
(start of 2018)[8]
Other Production
km³/year
(in 2020)
[9]
Years of
production
in reserve[10]
 Russia * 47,798 50,617 35,000
624 77
 Iran * 33,980 33,810 33,200
238 (2019) 143
 Qatar * 23,871 23,861 24,900
167 (2019) 143
 Saudi Arabia 15,910 (2022) 8,715 8,000
114 140
 United States * 13,167 (2020) 9,067 8,700
947 14
 Turkmenistan * 11,326 9,838 19,500
84 (2019) 135
 China * 6,654 2,934 5,500
179 (2019) 37
 United Arab Emirates * 6,088 6,091 5,900
63 97
 Nigeria * 5,748 5,627 5,200 5,932[11] 46 (2019) 125
 Venezuela * 5,663 5,707 6,400
23 (2019) 246
 Algeria * 4,502 4,504 4,300
88 (2019) 51
 Iraq * 3,738 3,744 3,500
11 (2019) 340
 Australia * 3,228 3,173 3,600
146 (2019) 22
 Mozambique * 2,832


5 (2019) 566
 Canada * 2,067 2,059 1,900
179 (2019) 12
 Uzbekistan * 1,841 1,564 1,200
47 (2019) 39
 Kazakhstan * 1,840 1,898 1,100
26 (2019) 71
 Egypt * 1,784 2,221 1,800
77 (2019) 23
 Kuwait * 1,784 1,784 1,700
20 (2019) 89
 Azerbaijan * 1,699 1,227 2,800
23 (2019) 74
 Norway * 1,557 2,314 1,700
112 14
 Libya 1,501 1,505 1,400
11(2019) 136
 Indonesia * 1,415 2,866 2,900
63 22
 India * 1,388 1,289 1,200
28 50
 Malaysia * 1,189 2,909 2,700
75 (2019) 16
 Ukraine * 1,104 304 1,100
20 (2019) 55
 Vietnam * 708 203 600
8 (2019) 88
 Oman * 651 884 700
37 (2019) 18
 Myanmar * 651 273 1,200
18 (2019) 36
 Pakistan * 595 757 400
38 (2019) 16
 Yemen * 481
300
0.09 (2019) 5,344
 Argentina * 396 381 300
41 10
 Brazil * 368 325 400
25 (2019) 15
 Angola * 339 422

7 (2019) 48
 Peru * 311 513 400
12 26
 Trinidad and Tobago * 311 433 300
31 10
 Bolivia * 311 310 300
15 (2019) 21
 Congo * 283 111

1.4 (2019) 202
 Brunei * 261 252

12 22
 Syria 241 300 300
4 (2019) 60
 Papua New Guinea 184
200
12 15
 Mexico 181 146 200
27 (2019) 7
 United Kingdom * 181 269 200
40 (2019) 5
 Israel * 176
500
10 (2019) 18
 Thailand * 139 180 200
38 (2019) 4
 Equatorial Guinea * 139 145

5 (2019) 28
 Cameroon * 135 152

3 (2019) 45
 Netherlands * 133 804 700
33 (2019) 4
 Bangladesh * 127 346 200 [12] 385 29 (2019) 4
 Romania * 105 105 100
10 (2019) 10
 Philippines 99


4 (2019) 25
 Chile * 99 5.30

1 99
 Poland * 90 56.3 100
5.66 16
 Colombia * 88 104 100
11 8
 Sudan * 85


0 -
 Bahrain * 82
200
18 (2019) 5
 Cuba * 71


1 (2019) 71
 Tunisia * 65


1 (2019) 65
 Namibia 62


0 -
 Rwanda * 57


0 -
 Afghanistan * 51


0.08 638
 Serbia * 48


0.45 (2019) 107
 Italy * 45 27.1 100
4 11
 New Zealand * 31


5 6
 Ivory Coast * 28


2.44 11
 Mauritania * 28


0 -
 Denmark * 28 73.9 100
1.3 22
 Gabon * 26 25.5

0.31 (2019) 84
 Croatia 25


0.85 29
 Ethiopia * 25


0 -
 Georgia 8.5+16 [13] 8.5

0.02 (2019) 1,225
 Germany 23 39.6 100
5 (2019) 5
 Ghana 23


1.56 (2019) 15
 Japan * 20


1.93 10
 Moldova -

[14] 20 0.006 (2019) 3,333
 Slovakia 14


0.06 233
 Uganda 14


0 -
 Ecuador 11 5.4

0.34 (2019) 32
 Ireland * 11


2.66 (2019) 4
 South Korea * 8.5


0.24 (2019) 35
 Austria 5.66


0.93 (2019) 6
 Tanzania * 5.66


1.39 (2019) 4
 Taiwan * 5.66


0.15 (2019) 38
 Jordan * 5.66


0.12 (2019) 47
 Bulgaria 5.66


0.06 94
 Somalia * 5.66


0 -
 Tajikistan 5.66


0.02 (2019) 283
 Kyrgyzstan 5.66


0.03 (2019) 189
 Albania 5.66


0.04 (2019) 142
 South Africa * -

[15] 3 1.22 (2019) 2
 Turkey * 2.83

300TPAO estimate 0.48 (2019) 6
 Czech Republic 2.83


0.19 15
 Belarus * 2.83


2.4 (2019) 1.2
 Hungary * 2.8


1.7 1.6
 Spain 2.55


0.06 42
 Morocco * 1.44 474

0.1 (2019) 14
 Benin 1.13


0 -
 DR Congo 0.99


0 -
 Greece 0.99


0.01 99
 Barbados 0.11


0.02 (2019) 6
 Armenia * 0 18.0

0 -

 

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